__NOTOC__ 2000 (MM) was a leap year that started on a Saturday, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It was the 2000th year of the Common Era or the Anno Domini designation, and the last year of the 20th century and of the 2nd millennium. 2000 was designated as: International Year for the Culture of Peace World Mathematical Year

The year 2000 was the first year of the 2000s decade. Popular culture holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium, due to a tendency to group the years according to decimal values, as if year zero were counted. According to the Gregorian Calendar this distinction falls to the year 2001, because the 1st century was retroactively said to start with year AD 1. Since the calendar has no year zero, its first millennium spans from years 1 to 1000, inclusively, and its second millennium from years 1001 to 2000. (See more at ''Millennium''.)

The year 2000 was the subject of Y2K concerns: fears that computers would not shift from 1999 to 2000 correctly. However, by the end of 1999, many companies had already converted to new, or upgraded their existing software. Some even obtained ''Y2K certification''. As a result of massive effort, much of it mis-directed, relatively few problems occurred.

Events

January

January 1 – New Zealand broadcasting on Chatham island is watched worldwide to start millennium celebrations and the Year 2000 problem begins.

January 3–January 10 – Israel and Syria hold inconclusive peace talks.

January 5–January 8 – The 2000 al-Qaeda Summit of several high-level al-Qaeda members (including 2 9/11 American Airlines hijackers) is held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

January 6 – The last natural Pyrenean Ibex is found dead apparently killed by a falling tree.

January 10 – America Online announces an agreement to purchase Time Warner for $162 billion (the largest-ever corporate merger).

January 11

* The armed wing of the Islamic Salvation Front concludes its negotiations with the government for an amnesty and disbands in Algeria (see Algerian Civil War#GIA destroyed, GSPC discontinues)

The trawler ''Solway Harvester'' sinks off the Isle of Man.

January 14

A United Nations tribunal sentences 5 Bosnian Croats to up to 25 years in prison for the 1993 killing of over 100 Bosnian Muslims in a Bosnian village.

* The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes at 11,722.98 (at the peak of the Dot-com bubble).

January 18 – The Tagish Lake meteorite impacts the Earth.

January 24 – God's Army, a Karen militia group led by twins Johnny and Luther Htoo, takes 700 hostages at a Thai hospital near the Burmese border.

January 30 – Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169.

January 31

* Alaska Airlines Flight 261 crashes off the California coast into the Pacific Ocean, killing 88.

* Dr. Harold Shipman is found guilty of murdering 15 patients between 1995 and 1998 at Hyde, Greater Manchester, and sentenced to life imprisonment.

February

February 4 – German extortionist Klaus-Peter Sabotta is jailed for life for attempted murder and extortion, in connection with the sabotage of German railway lines.

February 6 – Tarja Halonen is elected the first female president of Finland.

February 7 – Stipe Mesic is elected president of Croatia.

February 9 – Torrential rains in Africa lead to the worst flooding in Mozambique in 50 years, which lasts until March and kills 800 people.

February 13 – The final original ''Peanuts'' comic strip is published, following the death of its creator, Charles M. Schulz.

February 21 – UNESCO holds the inaugural celebration of International Mother Language Day.

March

March 1 – The Constitution of Finland rewritten.

March 8 – Tokyo train disaster: A sideswipe collision of 2 Tokyo Metro trains kills 5 people.

March 10 – The NASDAQ Composite Index reaches an all-time high of 5,048.

March 12 – Pope John Paul II apologises for the wrongdoings by members of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the ages.

March 21

* Pope John Paul II begins the first official visit by a Roman Catholic pontiff to Israel.

* The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the government lacks authority to regulate tobacco as an addictive drug, throwing out the Bill Clinton administration's main anti-smoking initiative

March 26 – Vladimir Putin is elected president of Russia.

March 27 – The Phillips explosion of 2000 kills 1 and injures 71 in Pasadena, Texas.

April

April 3 – ''United States v. Microsoft'': Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.

April 17 – Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin becomes Raja of Perlis.

April 22 – In a predawn raid, federal agents seize 6-year old Elián González from his relatives' home in Miami, Florida and fly him to his Cuban father in Washington, DC, ending one of the most publicized custody battles in U.S. history.

May

May 1 – A new class of composite material is fabricated, which has a combination of physical properties never before seen in a natural or man-made material.

May 3

A rare conjunction of 7 celestial bodies (Sun, Moon, planets Mercury–Saturn) occurs during the New Moon.

* In San Antonio, Texas, computer pioneer Datapoint files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

May 4

* After originating in The Philippines, the ILOVEYOU computer virus spreads quickly throughout the world.

* An earthquake hits Banggai, Indonesia, leaving 54 dead.

May 11

The billionth living person in India is born.

* Effective date of Canada's first modern-day treaty – The Nisga'a Final Agreement

May 12 – The Tate Modern Gallery opens in London.

May 13 – A fireworks factory disaster in Enschede Netherlands, kills 23.

May 16 – The Grand National Assembly of Turkey elects Ahmet Necdet Sezer as the tenth President of Turkey.

May 17 – A bomb in Glorietta Mall in Makati City, Philippines injures 13.

May 20 – Taiwanese (ROC) president Chen Shui-bian makes the Four Noes and One Without pledge to Taiwan.

May 25 – Israel withdraws IDF forces from southern Lebanon after 22 years.

June

June 4 – An earthquake hits Bengkulu, Indonesia, leaving 94 dead.

June 5 – ''405 The Movie'', the first short film widely distributed on the Internet, is released.

June 13 – South Korean President Kim Dae Jung visits North Korea to participate in the first North-South presidential summit.

June 17 – A centennial earthquake (6.5 on Richter scale) hits Iceland on its national day.

June 21 – Section 28, a law preventing the promotion of homosexuality, is repealed by the Scottish Parliament.

June 26 – A preliminary draft of genomes, as part of the Human Genome Project, is finished.

June 28 – Elian Gonzalez returns to Cuba with his father, Juan Miguel Gonzalez, ending a protracted custody battle.

June 30 – At the Roskilde Festival near Copenhagen, Denmark, 9 die and 26 are injured on a set while the rock group Pearl Jam performs.

July

July 2

* France defeats Italy 2-1 after extra time in the final of the European Championships, becoming the first team to consecutively win the World Cup and European Championships.

* Vicente Fox is elected President of Mexico, as candidate of the rightist PAN (National Action Party), ending 71 years of PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party) rule.

July 10

* In southern Nigeria, a leaking petroleum pipeline explodes, killing about 250 villagers who were scavenging gasoline.

* Bashar al-Assad is confirmed as Syria's leader in a national referendum.

July 13–July 25 – Israel's prime minister Ehud Barak and PLO head Yasser Arafat meet at Camp David, but fail to reach an agreement.

July 14 – A powerful solar flare, later named the Bastille Day event, causes a geomagnetic storm on Earth.

July 18 – Alex Salmond resigns as the leader of the Scottish National Party.

July 21–July 23 – G-8 Nations hold their 26th Annual Summit; issues include AIDS, the 'digital divide', and halving world poverty by 2015.

July 22 – ''News of the World'' urges its readers to sign a petition for Sarah's Law, new legislation in response to the murder of Sarah Payne, which would give parents the right to know whether a convicted paedophile was living in their area.

July 25 – Air France Flight 4590, a Concorde aircraft, crashes into a hotel in Gonesse just after takeoff from Paris, killing all 109 aboard and 4 in the hotel.

July 30 – Venezuela's president Hugo Chávez is reelected with 59% of the vote.

July 31-August 3 – The Republican National Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania nominates George W. Bush for U.S. President and Dick Cheney for Vice President.

August

August 3 – Rioting erupts on the Paulsgrove estate in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, after more than 100 people besiege the home of a block of flats allegedly housing a convicted paedophile. This is the latest vigilante violence against suspected sex offenders since the beginning of the "naming and shaming" anti-paedophile campaign by the tabloid newspaper ''News of the World''.

August 8 – The Confederate submarine ''H.L. Hunley'' is raised to the surface after 136 years on the ocean floor.

August 12 – The ''Russian submarine K-141 Kursk'' sinks in the Barents Sea, resulting in the deaths of all 118 men on board.

August 14 – Tsar Nicholas II and his family are canonized by the synod of the Russian Orthodox Church.

August 14 – Dora the Explorer, one of Nickelodeon's hottest shows, debuts.

August 14–August 17 – The Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles nominates U.S. Vice President Al Gore for President and Senator Joe Lieberman for Vice President.

August 23 – John Anthony Kaiser a Roman Catholic priest was murdered in Morendat, Kenya.

August 27 – The Ostankino Tower fire in Moscow kills 3.

September

September 5 – Tuvalu joins the United Nations.

September 6 – The last wholly Swedish-owned arms manufacturer, Bofors, is sold to American arms manufacturer United Defense.

September 6–September 8 – World leaders attend the Millennium Summit at UN Headquarters.

September 7–September 14 – The UK fuel protests take place, with refineries blockaded, and supply to the country's network of petrol stations halted.

September 8

* Albania officially joins the World Trade Organization.

* United Nations Millennium Declaration is made in New York

September 15–October 1 – The 2000 Summer Olympics are held in Sydney, Australia.

September 16

* Ukrainian journalist Georgiy Gongadze is last seen alive; this day is taken as the commemoration date of his death.

* Peru's president Alberto Fujimori calls for new elections in which he will not run.

September 26

* The Greek ferry ''Express Samina'' sinks off the coast of the island of Paros; 80 out of a total of over 500 passengers perish in one of Greece's worst sea disasters.

* Anti-globalization protests in Prague (some 15,000 protesters) turn violent during the IMF and World Bank summits.

September 28 – Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon visits the Temple Mount, protected by a several-hundred-strong Israeli police force. Palestinian riots erupt, leading to a full-fledged armed uprising (called the Al-Aqsa Intifada by sympathizers and the Oslo War by opponents).

September 29 – The Long Kesh prison in Northern Ireland is closed.

October

October 1 – The 2000 Summer Olympics close in Sydney, Australia.

October 5 – President Slobodan Milošević leaves office after widespread demonstrations throughout Serbia.

October 6 – The last Mini is produced in Longbridge.

October 11 – 250 million gallons of coal sludge spill in Martin County, Kentucky (considered a greater environmental disaster than the Exxon Valdez oil spill).

October 12 – In Aden, Yemen, the ''USS Cole'' is badly damaged by two Al-Qaeda suicide bombers, who place a small boat laden with explosives alongside the United States Navy destroyer, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39.

October 21 – Fifteen Arab leaders convene in Cairo, Egypt, for their first summit in 4 years; the Libyan delegation walks out, angry over signs the summit will stop short of calling for breaking ties with Israel.

October 22 – The ''Mainichi Shinbun'' newspaper exposes Japanese archeologist Shinichi Fujimura as a fraud; Japanese archaeologists had based their treatises on his findings.

October 23 – Madeleine Albright holds talks with North Korean dictator Kim Jong Il.

October 26 – Pakistani authorities announce that their police have found an apparently ancient mummy of a Persian princess in the province of Balochistan. Iran, Pakistan and the Taliban all claim the mummy until Pakistan announces it is a modern-day fake on April 17, 2001.

October 27 – Pacific Islands Forum (PIF).

October 30 – This is the final date during which there is no human presence in space; on October 31, Soyuz TM-31 launches, carrying the first resident crew to the International Space Station. The ISS has been continuously crewed since.

October 31 – Singapore Airlines Flight 006 collides with construction equipment in the Chiang Kai Shek International Airport, resulting in 83 deaths.

November

November – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq rejects new U.N. Security Council weapons inspections proposals.

November 2 – The first resident crew enters the International Space Station.

November 3 – Widespread flooding occurs throughout England and Wales after days of heavy rain.

November 7:

* In London, a criminal gang raids the Millennium Dome to steal The Millennium Star diamond, but police surveillance catches them in the act.

* Hillary Rodham Clinton is elected to the United States Senate, becoming the first First Lady of the United States to win public office.

November 11 – Kaprun disaster, Austria: A funicular fire in an Alpine tunnel kills 155 skiers and snowboarders.

November 15 – A new Indian state called Jharkhand is formed, carving out the South Chhota Nagpur area from Bihar in India.

November 16 – Bill Clinton becomes the first sitting U.S. President to visit Vietnam.

November 17

* A catastrophic landslide in Log pod Mangartom, Slovenia, kills 7, and causes millions of SIT of damage. It is one of the worst catastrophes in Slovenia in the past 100 years.

* Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as president of Peru.

November 27 – Jean Chrétien is re-elected as Prime Minister of Canada, as the Liberal Party of Canada increases its majority in the House of Commons of Canada.

November 28 – Ukrainian politician Oleksander Moroz touches off the Cassette Scandal by publicly accusing President Leonid Kuchma of involvement in the murder of journalist Georgiy Gongadze.

December

December 1 – Vicente Fox takes office as President of Mexico.

December 13 – ''Bush v. Gore'': The U.S. Supreme Court stops the Florida presidential recount, effectively giving the state, and the Presidency, to George W. Bush.

December 15 – The third and final reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant is shut down and the station is shut down completely.

December 24 – Christmas Eve 2000 Indonesia bombings: 18 people are killed in multiple Islamist bomb attacks on churches across Indonesia.

December 25 – A shopping center fire at Luoyang, Henan, China kills 309.

December 30 – Rizal Day bombings: A series of bombs explode in various places in Metro Manila, Philippines, within a span of a few hours, killing 22 and injuring about 100.

December 31 – The Millennium Dome closes its doors one year to the day of its opening.

World population

{|class="wikitable" !colspan="8"|World population |- ! !2000 !colspan="3"|1995 !colspan="3"|2005 |- !World |align="right"|6,070,581,000 |align="right"|5,674,380,000 |align="right"|+396,201,000 |align="right"|+6,98% |align="right"|6,453,628,000 |align="right"|+383,047,000 |align="right"|+6,31% |- !Africa |align="right"|795,671,000 |align="right"|707,462,000 |align="right"|+88,209,000 |align="right"|+12,47% |align="right"|887,964,000 |align="right"|+92,293,000 |align="right"|+11,60% |- !Asia |align="right"|3,679,737,000 |align="right"|3,430,052,000 |align="right"|+249,685,000 |align="right"|+7,28% |align="right"|3,917,508,000 |align="right"|+237,771,000 |align="right"|+6,46% |- !Europe |align="right"|727,986,000 |align="right"|727,405,000 |align="right"|+581,000 |align="right"|+0,08% |align="right"|724,722,000 |align="right"|-3,264,000 |align="right"|-0,45% |- !Latin America |align="right"|520,229,000 |align="right"|481,099,000 |align="right"|+39,130,000 |align="right"|+8,13% |align="right"|558,281,000 |align="right"|+38,052,000 |align="right"|+7,31% |- !Northern America |align="right"|315,915,000 |align="right"|299,438,000 |align="right"|+16,477,000 |align="right"|+5,50% |align="right"|332,156,000 |align="right"|+16,241,000 |align="right"|+5,14% |- !Oceania |align="right"|31,043,000 |align="right"|28,924,000 |align="right"|+2,119,000 |align="right"|+7,33% |align="right"|32,998,000 |align="right"|+1,955,000 |align="right"|+6,30% |}

Births

January 4 – Rhiannon Leigh Wryn, American actress

January 8 – Noah Cyrus, American actress

April 9 – Jackie Evancho, American soprano

September 28 – Frankie Jonas, American actor

October 31 – Willow Smith, American actress and singer

November 20 – Connie Talbot, British singer

Deaths

January

January 2 – Patrick O'Brian, English writer (b. 1914)

January 15 – Željko Ražnatović, Serbian mobster and paramilitary leader (b. 1952)

January 18 – Frances Drake, American actress (b. 1912)

January 19

* Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1934)

* Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (b. 1913)

February

February 5

* Claude Autant-Lara, French film director (b. 1901)

* Ward Cornell, Canadian radio/TV broadcaster & educator (b. 1924)

February 7

* Doug Henning, Canadian magician (b. 1947)

* Big Pun, American rapper (b. 1971)

February 9 – Beau Jack, American boxer (b. 1921)

February 10 – Jim Varney, American actor noted for his character, Ernest P. Worrell. (b. 1949)

February 11 – Roger Vadim, French film director and producer (b. 1928)

February 12

* Tom Landry, American football coach (b. 1924)

* Charles M. Schulz, American comic strip artist (''Peanuts'') (b. 1922)

February 13 – Anders Aalborg, Canadian politician (b. 1914)

February 19 – Friedensreich Hundertwasser, artist (b. 1928)

February 23

* Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (b. 1915)

* Ofra Haza, Israeli singer (b. 1957)

March

March 3 – Toni Ortelli, Italian composer and alpinist (b. 1904)

March 7 – Charles Gray, English actor (b. 1928)

March 11 – Alfred Schwarzmann, German Olympic gymnast (b. 1912)

March 27 – Ian Dury, English singer, songwriter (b. 1942)

March 28 – Anthony Powell, British author (b. 1905)

March 30 – Rudolf Kirchschlager, former President of Austria (b. 1915)

April

April 2 – Tommaso Buscetta, Sicilian mafioso informant (b. 1928)

April 3 – Terence McKenna, Writer, Philosopher, Ethnobotanist and Shaman (b. 1946)

April 4 – Derek Allhusen, British equestrian (b. 1914)

April 5 – Lee Petty, American race car driver (b. 1914)

April 6 – Habib Bourguiba, Tunisian politician, 1st President of Tunisia (b. 1903)

April 10 – Rabah Bitat, former President of Algeria (b. 1925)

April 11 – Diana Darvey, British actress, singer and dancer (b. 1945)

April 14 – Phil Katz, American computer programmer (b. 1962)

April 15 – Edward Gorey, American writer and illustrator (b. 1925)

April 25 – David Merrick, American stage producer (b. 1911)

April 29 – Phạm Văn Đồng, Vietnamese politician, Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1906)

May

May 1 – Steve Reeves, American actor and bodybuilder (b. 1926)

May 7 – Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., American actor (b. 1909)

May 8 – Maria Do Carmo Geronimo, The last Brazilian slave and claimed to be 129 before she died (b. 1871)

May 10 – Craig Stevens, American actor (b. 1918)

May 11 – René Muñoz, Cuban actor, screenwriter of telenovelas and the cinema of Mexico (b. 1938)

May 13 – Tomomi Tsuruta, Former Japanese professional wrestler, better known as Jumbo Tsuruta (b. 1951)

May 14 – Keizō Obuchi, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1937)

May 20 – Edward Bernds, American director (b. 1905)

May 21

* Dame Barbara Cartland, English novelist (b. 1901)

* Sir John Gielgud, English actor (b. 1904)

May 27

* Maurice Richard, Canadian hockey player (b. 1921)

* Kazimierz Leski, Polish engineer, fighter pilot, and Home Army's intelligence and counter-intelligence officer (b. 1912)

May 30 – Doris Hare, English actress, well known for her role in the 1970s comedy, On the Buses (b. 1905)

May 31 – Tito Puente, American jazz musician (b. 1923)

June

June 10

* Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (b. 1930)

* Frank Patterson, Irish tenor (b. 1938)

June 14 – Robert Trent Jones, English-born golf course designer (b. 1906)

June 16 – Empress Kōjun of Japan (b. 1903)

June 17 – Ismail Mahomed, South African and Namibian Chief Justice (b. 1931)

June 19 – Noboru Takeshita, former Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1924)

June 21 – Alan Hovhaness, American composer (b. 1911)

June 24 – David Tomlinson, English actor (b. 1917)

June 27 – Pierre Pflimlin, French Politician (b. 1907)

June 29 – Vittorio Gassman, Italian actor (b. 1922)

July

July 1 – Walter Matthau, American actor (b. 1920)

July 7 – James C. Quayle, American newspaper publisher (b. 1921)

July 8 – FM-2030, Transhumanist philosopher (b. 1930)

July 10

* Vakkom Majeed, Indian Freedom fighter, Travancore-Cochin Legislative member (b. 1909)

* Denis O'Conor Don, hereditary chief of the O'Conor Don sept of Ireland (b. 1912)

July 11 – Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1921)

July 12 – Charles Merritt, Canadian Army officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross during World War II (b. 1908)

July 28 – Abraham Pais, Dutch-born American physicist (b. 1918)

July 29 – René Favaloro, Argentinian cardiologist who created the technique for coronary bypass surgery (b. 1923)

August

August 5

* Sir Alec Guinness, English actor and writer (b. 1914)

* Otto Buchsbaum, writer and ecological activist (b. 1920)

August 6 – Sir Robin Day, British political broadcaster (b. 1923)

August 9 – John Harsanyi, Hungarian-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1920)

August 12

* Loretta Young, American actress (b. 1913)

* Dave Edwards, American musician (b. 1941)

August 19 – Bineshwar Brahma, Bodo activist and leader (b. 1946)

August 21 – Daniel Lisulo, Zambian politician (b. 1930)

August 25 – Carl Barks, American cartoonist (b. 1901)

August 26 – Bunny Austin, English tennis player (b. 1906)

September

September 2

* Elvera Sanchez, American dancer (b. 1905)

* Curt Siodmak, American novelist and screenwriter (b. 1902)

September 14 – Beah Richards, American actress (b. 1920)

September 16 – Georgiy Gongadze, Ukrainian journalist (b. 1969)

September 19 – Anthony Robert Klitz, British artist (b 1917)

September 25 – R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (b. 1913)

September 26 – Richard Mulligan, American actor (b. 1932)

September 27 – Sammy Luftspring, Canadian boxer (b. 1916)

September 28

* Peter Gennaro, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1919)

* Pierre Trudeau, Former Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1919)

October

October 4 – Michael Smith, English-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1932)

October 6 – Richard Farnsworth, American actor (b. 1920)

October 8 – Sheila Holland (Sheila Coates, Charlotte Lamb, Sheila Lancaster, Victoria Wolf, Laura Hardy), English writer (b. 1937)

October 9 – Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1918)

October 13

* Jean Peters, American actress (b. 1926)

* Tony Roper, NASCAR driver (b. 1964)

October 15 – Konrad Emil Bloch, German-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1912)

October 18 – Julie London, American singer and actress (b. 1926)

October 21 – Reginald Kray, leading figure in organised crime in London, UK (b. 1933)

October 23 – Rodney Anoa'i, American wrestler known as Yokozuna (b. 1966)

October 27 – Walter Berry, Austrian bass-baritone (b. 1929)

October 29 – Andújar Cedeño, Dominican Major League Baseball player for the Houston Astros (b. 1969)

October 30 – Steve Allen, American comedian, composer, talk show host, and author (b. 1921)

October 31 – Ring Lardner, Jr., American screenwriter, one of the Hollywood Ten (b. 1915)

November

November 2 – Eva Morris, last surviving person documented as born in 1885 (b. 1885)

November 5

* David Brower, American environmental activist (b. 1912)

* Roger Peyrefitte, French writer and diplomat (b. 1907)

November 6 – L. Sprague de Camp, American writer (b. 1907)

November 7

* C Subramaniam, Indian politician (b. 1910)

* Ingrid of Sweden, Queen consort of Frederick IX of Denmark (b. 1910)

November 11 – Hugh Paddick, British actor (b. 1915)

November 22

* Sir Cyril Astley Clarke, British physician, geneticist and entomologist, former President of the Royal College of Physicians (b. 1907)

* Christian Marquand, French actor and director (b. 1927)

December

December 2 – Gail Fisher, American actress (b. 1935)

December 3 – Gwendolyn Brooks, African American writer (b. 1917)

December 10

* Paul Avery, American journalist (b. 1934)

* Marie Windsor, American actress (b. 1919)

December 19 – Roebuck "Pops" Staples, patriarch of The Staple Singers (b. 1914)

December 23

* Billy Barty, American actor (b. 1924)

* Victor Borge, Danish-born comedian and pianist (b. 1909)

December 26 – Jason Robards, American actor (b. 1922)

December 30 – Julius J. Epstein, American screenwriter (b. 1909)

Nobel Prizes

Chemistry – Alan J. Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa

Economics – James Heckman, Daniel McFadden

Literature – Gao Xingjian

Peace – Kim Dae Jung

Physics – Zhores Ivanovich Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack Kilby

Physiology or Medicine – Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel

Templeton Prize

Freeman Dyson

See also

Year 2000 baby boom

References

2000 Coin Pictures

af:2000 am:2000 እ.ኤ.አ. ang:2000 ab:2000 ar:ملحق:2000 an:2000 frp:2000 ast:2000 gn:2000 av:2000 ay:2000 az:2000 bn:২০০০ zh-min-nan:2000 nî map-bms:2000 be:2000 be-x-old:2000 bh:२००० bcl:2000 bs:2000 br:2000 bg:2000 ca:2000 cv:2000 ceb:2000 cs:2000 cbk-zam:2000 co:2000 cy:2000 da:2000 de:2000 dv:2000 et:2000 el:2000 myv:2000 ие es:2000 eo:2000 ext:2000 eu:2000 fa:۲۰۰۰ (میلادی) hif:2000 fo:2000 fr:2000 fy:2000 fur:2000 ga:2000 gv:2000 gd:2000 gl:2000 gan:2000年 xal:2000 җил ko:2000년 haw:2000 hy:2000 hi:२००० hr:2000. io:2000 ig:2000 ilo:2000 bpy:মারি ২০০০ id:2000 ia:2000 os:2000-æм аз zu:2000 is:2000 it:2000 he:2000 jv:2000 kn:೨೦೦೦ pam:2000 krc:2000 джыл ka:2000 csb:2000 kk:2000 kw:2000 sw:2000 kv:2000 во ht:2000 (almanak gregoryen) ku:2000 la:2000 lv:2000. gads lb:2000 lt:2000 m. lij:2000 li:2000 ln:2000 jbo:2000moi lmo:2000 hu:2000 mk:2000 ml:2000 mi:2000 mr:इ. स. २००० arz:2000 ms:2000 mdf:2000 mn:2000 my:၂၀၀၀ nah:2000 nl:2000 nds-nl:2000 ne:सन् २००० new:सन् २००० ja:2000年 nap:2000 no:2000 nn:2000 nrm:2000 nov:2000 oc:2000 mhr:2000 uz:2000 pa:੨੦੦੦ pi:२००० pag:2000 pnb:2000 pap:2000 tpi:2000 nds:2000 pl:2000 pt:2000 crh:2000 ty:2000 ksh:Joohr 2000 ro:2000 qu:2000 ru:2000 год sah:2000 se:2000 stq:2000 sq:2000 scn:2000 simple:2000 sk:2000 sl:2000 so:2000 ckb:٢٠٠٠ sr:2000 sh:2000 su:2000 fi:2000 sv:2000 tl:2000 ta:2000 tt:2000 ел te:2000 tet:2000 th:พ.ศ. 2543 tg:2000 tr:2000 tk:2000 udm:2000 ар uk:2000 ur:2000ء vec:2000 vi:2000 vo:2000 fiu-vro:2000 wa:2000 zh-classical:公元二千年 vls:2000 war:2000 yi:2000 yo:2000 zh-yue:2000年 diq:2000 bat-smg:2000 zh:2000年

World News may refer to one of the following sources that covers international news:

''ABC World News'', a television news program that airs on the American television network ABC

BBC World News, the international news and current affairs television channel of the BBC

''CNN World News'', a television news program that airs on CNN International

''ITN World News'', a television news program that originated in the United Kingdom, and aired during the late-eighties and most of the nineties

''SBS World News'', airs on the Australian network SBS

''Sky World News''. airs on Sky News

World News by Don Lee Broadcasting on W6XAO (now KCBS-TV) - (1938–1948).

See also

World news

ja:ワールドニュース

Name	Gerald Celente
Birth date	November 29, 1946
Birth place	The Bronx, New York City, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Trend forecaster
Nationality	American
Ethnicity	White
Parents	}}

Gerald Celente (born November 29, 1946) is an American trend forecaster, publisher of the ''Trends Journal'', business consultant and author who makes predictions about the global financial markets and other events of historical importance. Celente has described himself as a "political atheist" and "citizen of the world". He has appeared as a guest on television news shows such as ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'', ''The Today Show'', ''Good Morning America'', ''CBS Morning News'', ''The Glenn Beck Show'', ''NBC Nightly News'', ''The Alex Jones Show'' and ''Russia Today''.''

Background

Celente was born in The Bronx, New York City, New York. He had early political experience running a mayoral campaign in Yonkers, New York and served as executive assistant to the secretary of the New York State Senate, which Celente called the worst job he ever had. From 1973 to 1979 Celente traveled between Chicago and Washington D.C. as a government affairs specialist. In 1980 Celente founded The Trends Research Institute (at first called the Socio-Economic Research Institute of America), now located in Kingston, New York, publisher of the ''Trends Journal'' which forecasts and analyzes business, socioeconomic, political, and other trends.

Forecasting

His forecasts since 1993 have included predictions about terrorism, economic collapses and war. More recent forecasts involve fascism in the United States, food riots and tax revolts. Celente has long predicted global anti-Americanism, a failing economy and immigration woes in the U.S. In December 2007 Celente wrote, "Failing banks, busted brokerages, toppled corporate giants, bankrupt cities, states in default, foreign creditors cashing out of US securities ... whatever the spark, the stage is set for panic in the streets" and "Just as the Twin Towers collapsed from the top down, so too will the U.S. economy ... when the giant firms fall, they’ll crush the man on the street." He has also predicted tax revolts. In November 2008 Celente appeared on Fox Business Network and predicted economic depression, tax rebellions and food riots in the United States by 2012. Celente also predicted an "economic 9/11" and a "panic of 2008."

In 2009 Celente predicted turmoil which he described as "Obamageddon" and he was a popular guest on conservative cable-TV shows such as ''Fox News Sunday'' and Glenn Beck's television program. In April 2009 Celente wrote, "Wall Street controls our financial lives; the media manipulates our minds. These systems cannot be changed from within. There is no alternative. Without a revolution, these institutions will bankrupt the country, keep fighting failed wars, start new ones, and hold us in perpetual intellectual subjugation." He appeared on the ''Glenn Beck'' show and criticized the U.S. stimulus plan of 2009, calling government controlled capitalism "fascism" and saying shopping malls in the U.S. would become "ghost malls." Celente has said, "smaller communities, the smaller groups, the smaller states, the more self-sustaining communities, will 'weather the crisis in style' as big cities and hypertrophic suburbias descend into misery and conflict," and forecasts "a downsizing of America."

Revolution in the USA

On Russia Today, he predicted that the USA would face a revolution.

Neosurvivalism

Celente's website has stated that:

Predictions

2009

"The Crash of '09 was as dramatic as the crash of '29. The New Depression had begun." (Trends Journal, Summer 2008, pg. 12)

2010

Some areas of the U.S. are experiencing resurgences in real estate values due to highly localized factors, and some investors profit from this. However, the rises will almost all stop and reverse with time, and the overall national trend in real estate values is downward. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 8)

Ghost malls have become a common sight across America. Especially hard-hit are big chain stores (Sears, Home Depot, etc.). (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 8)

2011

Developers have begun rehabbing some of the ghost malls for more productive uses. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 9)

2012

The economic policies of the U.S. government over the past few years have failed to fix America's fundamental problems and have merely papered over them and in fact made them worse. By 2012, the "American Empire" is collapsing. In the U.S., basic staple goods like quality food and water are too expensive for most people to afford,(T.J. Summer 08, pg. 1) and "food riots" happen across the country (T.J. Summer 09, pg.1). Major American cities look like disaster zones, and mass homelessness exists across the country. Crime is rampant, with much of it being directed at the rich. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 1) Kidnappings and ransomings of rich people are on the rise. Average people fed up with big government, high taxes and out-of-control spending join tax revolts. (T.J. Summer 09, pg. 1) The world is also experiencing major environmental problems and "the blackest of plagues." The global financial system has also "melted down" and the situation is very bad outside the U.S.(T.J. Summer 08, pg. 1) The advanced industrial economies collapse first, and their sagging consumer spending drags down the export-based economies of emerging economies next.(T.J. Summer 09, pg. 2) The economy is as bad as it was during the Great Depression in many ways. In spite of all this, the U.S. government, power elites, and mainstream media continue to insist that the fundamentals of the world economy are sound, and that official policies can lead to a recovery. A growing number of average people, however, doubt this. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 1)

While the Mayan and Hopi prophecies of global destruction do not come to pass, 2012 is indeed a watershed year that sees the death of an ailing and unsustainable global economic system and lifestyle and its replacement with something better. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 2)

By 2012, Obama is viewed by most as a stale president who sold himself as a fresh, visionary candidate in 2008 and instead proved to be a servant of the big corporations and the military-industrial complex like his predecessors.(T.J. Summer 09, pg. 5) His economic policies only delayed disaster and in fact have made the situation worse: Expansionary monetary policy and the various government bailouts and stimulus programs create a "Bailout Bubble" that invariably bursts in a cataclysm for the U.S. and world economy.(T.J. Summer 09, pg. 11) Obama blames other factors for this and might have even tried to start a war by 2012 to distract attention from the domestic misery.(T.J. Summer 09, pg. 12) Obama's foreign policy has also failed to accomplish anything significant on the world stage, and Pakistan is a mess and the Afghan war continues to drag on without hope of conclusion.(T.J. Summer 09, pg. 12)

In the 2012 U.S. elections, online news sites, bloggers and independent journalists wield as much influence on voters as mainstream media outlets (TV, cable, magazines, newspapers) for the first time. This breaks the corporate and moneyed stranglehold on American politics and allows a third party to attain nation-level recognition. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 5)

Broad future trends

Americans will adapt to lower standards of living and will travel less, both on a daily basis and for vacations. Higher fuel costs, advances in telecommuting and an aging American population will push many more people to work from home or close to home. Walking-distance communities will be constructed and will become popular. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 7)

Geographically isolated resort destinations like Las Vegas will wither due to higher fuel costs, lower American incomes and increased overseas competition while vacation spots closer to population centers will revive. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 9)

Government-run lotteries, on the other hand, will thrive. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 9)

In America and to a lesser extent overseas, consumer spending habits will be motivated out of fear and escapism. Businesses that capitalize upon this will succeed. (T.J. Summer 09, pg. 24)

Publications

''Trend Tracking: The System to Profit from Today's Trends'' (1991), ISBN 978-0446392877

''Trends 2000: How to Prepare for and Profit from the Changes of the 21st Century'' (1997), ISBN 978-0446519014

''What Zizi Gave Honeyboy: A True Story about Love, Wisdom, and the Soul of America'' (2002), ISBN 978-0066212661

References

External links

trendsresearch.com

geraldcelente.com

Category:1946 births Category:Living people Category:American economics writers Category:Futurologists Category:People from the Bronx

de:Gerald Celente fr:Gerald Celente pl:Gerald Celente fi:Gerald Celente sv:Gerald Celente

birth name	Michael Francis Moore
birth date	April 23, 1954
birth place	Flint, Michigan, United States
years active	1972–present
occupation	Actor, director, screenwriter, producer
Religion	Roman Catholic
Spouse	Kathleen Glynn (1991–present)
alma mater
website	}}

Michael Francis Moore (born April 23, 1954) is an American filmmaker, author, social critic and activist. He is the director and producer of ''Fahrenheit 9/11'', which is the highest-grossing documentary of all time. His films ''Bowling for Columbine'' and ''Sicko'' also place in the top ten highest-grossing documentaries. In September 2008, he released his first free movie on the Internet, ''Slacker Uprising'', which documented his personal quest to encourage more Americans to vote in presidential elections. He has also written and starred in the TV shows ''TV Nation'' and ''The Awful Truth''.

Moore criticizes globalization, large corporations, assault weapon ownership, U.S. Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, the Iraq War, the American health care system, and capitalism in his written and cinematic works.

Personal life

Moore was born in Flint, Michigan, and raised in Davison, a suburb of Flint, by parents Veronica (née Wall), a secretary, and Frank Moore, an automotive assembly-line worker. At that time, the city of Flint was home to many General Motors factories, where his parents and grandfather worked. His uncle LaVerne was one of the founders of the United Automobile Workers labor union and participated in the Flint Sit-Down Strike.

Moore was brought up Catholic, attended parochial St. John's Elementary School for primary school and later attended St. Paul's Seminary in Saginaw, Michigan, for a year. He then attended Davison High School, where he was active in both drama and debate, graduating in 1972. As a member of the Boy Scouts of America, he achieved the rank of Eagle Scout. At the age of 18, he was elected to the Davison school board.

Since 1990, Moore has been married to producer Kathleen Glynn, with whom he has a stepdaughter named Natalie. Moore is a Catholic, but has said he disagrees with church teaching on subjects such as abortion and same-sex marriage.

Following the Columbine High School massacre, Moore acquired a life membership to the National Rifle Association (NRA). Moore said that he initially intended to become the NRA's president and dismantle it, but he soon dismissed the plan as too difficult. Observers such as Dave Kopel noted that there was no chance of that happening; authors David T. Hardy and Jason Clarke wrote about how Moore failed to discover that the NRA selects a president not by membership vote but by a vote of the board of directors.

In 2005 ''Time'' magazine named Moore one of the world's 100 most influential people. Also in 2005, Moore started the annual Traverse City Film Festival in Traverse City, Michigan.

Career

After dropping out of the University of Michigan–Flint following his freshman year (where he wrote for the student newspaper ''The Michigan Times''), Moore worked at the local Buick plant. At 22 he founded the alternative weekly magazine ''The Flint Voice'', which soon changed its name to ''The Michigan Voice'' as it expanded to cover the entire state. In 1986, when Moore became the editor of ''Mother Jones'', a liberal political magazine, he moved to California and ''The Michigan Voice'' was shut down. After four months at ''Mother Jones'', Moore was fired. Matt Labash of ''The Weekly Standard'' reported this was for refusing to print an article by Paul Berman that was critical of the Sandinista human rights record in Nicaragua. Moore refused to run the article, believing it to be inaccurate. "The article was flatly wrong and the worst kind of patronizing bullshit. You would scarcely know from it that the United States had been at war with Nicaragua for the last five years." Moore believes that ''Mother Jones'' fired him because of the publisher's refusal to allow him to cover a story on the GM plant closings in his hometown of Flint, Michigan. He responded by putting laid-off GM worker Ben Hamper (who was also writing for the same magazine at the time) on the magazine's cover, leading to his termination. Moore sued for wrongful dismissal, and settled out of court for $58,000, providing him with seed money for his first film, ''Roger & Me.''

Directing/producing

; ''Roger & Me'': Moore first became famous for his 1989 film, ''Roger & Me'', a documentary about what happened to Flint, Michigan, after General Motors closed its factories and opened new ones in Mexico, where the workers were paid much less. Since then Moore has been known as a critic of the neoliberal view of globalization. "Roger" is Roger B. Smith, former CEO and president of General Motors.

; ''Pets or Meat: The Return to Flint'': (1992) is a short (23-minute) documentary film that was aired on PBS. It is based on the feature-length film ''Roger & Me'' (1989) by Michael Moore. The film's title refers to Rhonda Britton, a Flint, Michigan, resident featured in both the 1989 and 1992 films who sells rabbits as either pets or meat.

; ''Canadian Bacon'': In 1995, Moore released a satirical film, ''Canadian Bacon'', which features a fictional US president (played by Alan Alda) engineering a fake war with Canada in order to boost his popularity. It is noted for containing a number of Canadian and American stereotypes, and for being Moore's only non-documentary film. The film is also one of the last featuring Canadian-born actor John Candy, and also features a number of cameos by other Canadian actors. In the film, several potential enemies for America's next great campaign are discussed by the president and his cabinet. (The scene was strongly influenced by the Stanley Kubrick film ''Dr. Strangelove.'') The President comments that declaring war on Canada was as ridiculous as declaring war on international terrorism. His military adviser, played by Rip Torn, quickly rebuffs this idea, saying that no one would care about "... a bunch of guys driving around blowing up rent-a-cars."

; ''The Big One'': In 1997, Moore directed ''The Big One'', which documents the tour publicizing his book ''Downsize This! Random Threats from an Unarmed American'', in which he criticizes mass layoffs despite record corporate profits. Among others, he targets Nike for outsourcing shoe production to Indonesia.

; ''Bowling for Columbine'': Moore's 2002 film, ''Bowling for Columbine'', probes the culture of guns and violence in the United States, taking as a starting point the Columbine High School massacre of 1999. ''Bowling for Columbine'' won the Anniversary Prize at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival and France's César Award as the Best Foreign Film. In the United States, it won the 2002 Academy Award for Documentary Feature. It also enjoyed great commercial and critical success for a film of its type and became, at the time, the highest-grossing mainstream-released documentary (a record now held by Moore's ''Fahrenheit 9/11''). It was praised by some for illuminating a subject avoided by the mainstream media.

; ''Fahrenheit 9/11'': ''Fahrenheit 9/11'' examines America in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks, particularly the record of the Bush administration and alleged links between the families of George W. Bush and Osama bin Laden. ''Fahrenheit'' was awarded the ''Palme d'Or'', the top honor at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival; it was the first documentary film to win the prize since 1956. Moore later announced that ''Fahrenheit 9/11'' would not be in consideration for the 2005 Academy Award for Documentary Feature, but instead for the Academy Award for Best Picture. He stated he wanted the movie to be seen by a few million more people via a television broadcast prior to election day. According to Moore, "Academy rules forbid the airing of a documentary on television within nine months of its theatrical release", and since the November 2 election was fewer than nine months after the film's release, it would have been disqualified for the Documentary Oscar. However, Fahrenheit received no Oscar nomination for Best Picture. The title of the film alludes to the classic book ''Fahrenheit 451'' about a future totalitarian state in which books are banned; according to the book, paper begins to burn at 451 degrees Fahrenheit. The pre-release subtitle of the film confirms the allusion: "The temperature at which freedom burns." At the box office, as of 2010 ''Fahrenheit 9/11'' is the highest-grossing documentary of all time, taking in over US$200 million worldwide, including United States box office revenue of almost US$120 million. In February 2011, Moore sued producers Bob and Harvey Weinstein for US$2.7 million in unpaid profits from the film, claiming they used "Hollywood accounting tricks" to avoid paying him the money.

; ''Sicko'': Moore directed this film about the American health care system, focusing particularly on the managed-care and pharmaceutical industries. At least four major pharmaceutical companies — Pfizer, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, and GlaxoSmithKline — ordered their employees not to grant any interviews to Moore. According to Moore on a letter at his website, "roads that often surprise us and lead us to new ideas—and challenge us to reconsider the ones we began with have caused some minor delays." The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 19, 2007, receiving a lengthy standing ovation, and was released in the U.S. and Canada on June 29, 2007. The film was the subject of some controversy when it became known that Moore went to Cuba with chronically ill September 11th rescue workers to shoot parts of the film. The United States is looking into whether this violates the trade embargo. The film is currently ranked the fourth highest grossing documentary of all time and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary Feature.

; ''Captain Mike Across America'':Moore takes a look at the politics of college students in what he calls "Bush Administration America" with this film shot during Moore's 60-city college campus tour in the months leading up to the 2004 election. The film was later re-edited by Moore into ''Slacker Uprising''.

; ''Capitalism: A Love Story'': On September 23, 2009, Moore released a new movie titled ''Capitalism: A Love Story'', which looks at the late-2000s financial crisis and the U.S. economy during the transition between the incoming Obama Administration and the outgoing Bush Administration. Addressing a press conference at its release, Moore said, "Democracy is not a spectator sport, it's a participatory event. If we don't participate in it, it ceases to be a democracy. So Obama will rise or fall based not so much on what he does but on what we do to support him."

Writing

Moore has written or co-written eight non-fiction books, mostly on similar subject matter to his documentaries. ''Stupid White Men'' (2001), is ostensibly a critique of American domestic and foreign policy but, by Moore's own admission, is also "a book of political humor." ''Dude, Where's My Country?'' (2003), is an examination of the Bush family's relationships with Saudi royalty, the Bin Laden family, and the energy industry, and a call-to-action for liberals in the 2004 election. Several of his works have made bestseller lists.

Acting

Moore has dabbled in acting, following a 2000 supporting role in ''Lucky Numbers'' as the cousin of Lisa Kudrow's character, who agrees to be part of the scheme concocted by John Travolta's character. He also had a cameo in his ''Canadian Bacon'' as an anti-Canada activist. In 2004, he did a cameo, as a news journalist, in ''The Fever'', starring Vanessa Redgrave in the lead.

Television

Between 1994 and 1995, he directed and hosted the BBC television series ''TV Nation'', which followed the format of news magazine shows but covered topics they avoid. The series aired on BBC2 in the UK. The series was also aired in the US on NBC in 1994 for 9 episodes and again for 8 episodes on Fox in 1995.

His other major series was ''The Awful Truth'', which satirized actions by big corporations and politicians. It aired on Channel 4 in the UK, and the Bravo network in the US, in 1999 and 2000. Moore won the Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment Award in Arts and Entertainment for being the executive producer and host of ''The Awful Truth'', where he was also described as "muckraker, author and documentary filmmaker".

Another 1999 series, ''Michael Moore Live'', was aired in the UK only on Channel 4, though it was broadcast from New York. This show had a similar format to ''The Awful Truth'', but also incorporated phone-ins and a live stunt each week.

Music videos

Moore has directed several music videos, including two for Rage Against the Machine for songs from ''The Battle of Los Angeles'': "Sleep Now in the Fire" and "Testify". He was threatened with arrest during the shooting of "Sleep Now in the Fire", which was filmed on Wall Street; the city of New York had denied the band permission to play there, although the band and Moore had secured a federal permit to perform.

He also directed the videos for R.E.M. single "All the Way to Reno (You're Gonna Be a Star)" in 2001 and the System of a Down song "Boom!".

Appearances in other documentaries

Moore appeared in ''The Drugging of Our Children'', a 2005 documentary about over-prescription of psychiatric medication to children and teenagers, directed by Gary Null a proponent of Alternative Medicine. In the film Moore agrees with Gary Null that Ritalin and other similar drugs are over-prescribed, saying that they are seen as a "pacifier".

Moore appeared on fellow Flint natives Grand Funk Railroad's edition of Behind The Music.

Moore appeared as an off-camera interviewer in ''Blood in the Face'', a 1991 documentary about white supremacy groups. At the center of the film is a neo-Nazi gathering in Michigan.

Moore appeared in ''The Yes Men'', a 2003 documentary about two men who pose as the World Trade Organization. He appears during a segment concerning working conditions in Mexico and Latin America.

Moore briefly appears in Alex Jones's documentary ''Martial Law 9/11: Rise of the Police State''. Jones criticises Moore for not going into more depth about the World Trade Center attacks in ''Fahrenheit 9/11'', particularly about NORAD standing down, and for portraying George W. Bush as an unassuming frontman instead of an active conspirator in 9/11. Jones manages to ask Moore why he didn't mention NORAD standing down, and Moore swiftly answers that "it would be un-American".

Moore was interviewed for the 2004 documentary, ''The Corporation.'' One of his highlighted quotes was: "The problem is the profit motive: for corporations, there's no such thing as 'enough'".

Moore appeared in the 2006 documentary ''I'm Going to Tell You a Secret'', which chronicles Madonna's 2004 Re-Invention World Tour. Moore attended her show in New York City at Madison Square Garden.

Political views

Although Moore has been noted for his liberal political activism, he rejects the label "political activist" saying such a description is redundant as a citizen of a democracy: "I and you and everyone else has to be a political activist. If we're not politically active, it ceases to be a democracy." According to John Flesher of the Associated Press, Moore is known for his "fiery left-wing populism," and publications such as the Socialist Worker Online have hailed him as the "new Tom Paine."

Moore was a high-profile guest at both the 2004 Democratic National Convention and the 2004 Republican National Convention, chronicling his impressions in ''USA Today''. He was criticized in a speech by Republican Senator John McCain as "a disingenuous film-maker." Moore laughed and waved as Republican attendees jeered, later chanting "four more years." Moore gestured his thumb and finger at the crowd, which translates into "loser."

During September and October 2004, Moore spoke at universities and colleges in swing states during his "Slacker Uprising Tour". The tour gave away ramen and underwear to students who promised to vote. One stop during the tour was Utah Valley State College. A fight for his right to speak resulted in massive public debates and a media blitz. The Utah event was chronicled in the documentary film ''This Divided State''.

Despite having supported Ralph Nader in the 2000 presidential election, Moore urged Nader not to run in 2004 so as not to split the left vote. On ''Real Time with Bill Maher'', Moore and Maher knelt before Nader to plead with him to stay out of the race.

Moore drew attention in 2004 when he used the term "deserter" when he introduced Retired Army Gen. Wesley K. Clark at a Democratic Presidential debate in New Hampshire. Noting that Clark had been a champion debater at West Point, Moore told a laughing crowd, "I know what you're thinking. I want to see that debate" between Clark and [George W.] Bush -- "the general versus the deserter." Moore said he was referring to published reports in several media outlets including ''The Boston Globe'' which had reported that "there is strong evidence that Bush performed no military service as required when he moved from Houston to Alabama to work on a U.S. Senate campaign from May to November 1972."

On April 21, 2008, Moore endorsed Barack Obama for President, stating that Hillary Clinton's recent actions had been "disgusting." Moore is an active supporter of the Occupy Wall Street protest in New York City and spoke with the OWS protesters on September 26, 2011. On October 29, 2011, he spoke at the Occupy Oakland protest site to express his support.

Criticism

Filmmaker and adjunct professor at the School of Cinematic Arts of the University of Southern California Mitchell Block says that Moore's documentary subjects "are being presented in a false light". Harlan Jacobson, editor of ''Film Comment'' magazine, said that Moore muddled the chronology in ''Roger & Me'' to make it seem that events that took place before G.M.’s layoffs were a consequence of them. Critic Roger Ebert defended Moore's manipulation of the timeline as an artistic and stylistic choice that had less to do with his credibility as a filmmaker and more to do with the flexibility of film as a medium to express a satiric viewpoint.

Published work

Bibliography

Filmography

''Roger & Me'' (1989)

''Pets or Meat: The Return to Flint'' (1992) (TV)

''Canadian Bacon'' (1995)

''The Big One'' (1997)

''And Justice for All'' (1998) (TV)

''EDtv'' (1999) (cameo as himself)

''Lucky Numbers'' (2000) (as actor)

''Bowling for Columbine'' (2002)

''Fahrenheit 9/11'' (2004)

''Sicko'' (2007)

''Captain Mike Across America'' (2007)

''Slacker Uprising'' (2008)

''Capitalism: A Love Story'' (2009)

Television series

''TV Nation'' (1994)

''The Awful Truth'' (1999)

''Michael Moore Live'' (1999)

References

External links

The Populist: Michael Moore Can Make You Cry / ''New Yorker'' (16 February 2004)

America's Teacher by Naomi Klein, ''The Nation'', September 23, 2009

A 2007 NOW on PBS interview with Michael Moore

Michael Moore on His Life, His Films and His Activism - video interview by ''Democracy Now!''

Michael Moore on 2010 Midterm Elections, the Tea Party, and the Future of the Democratic Party

''In Depth'' interview with Moore, October 2, 2011

Category:1954 births Category:Living people

Category:Academy Award winners Category:Actors from Michigan Category:American alternative journalists Category:American anti–Iraq War activists Category:American anti-war activists Category:American documentary filmmakers Category:American film actors Category:American film directors Category:American health activists Category:American music video directors Category:American political writers Category:American social commentators Category:American writers of Irish descent Category:César Award winners Category:Eagle Scouts Category:Emmy Award winners Category:National Rifle Association members Category:People from Flint, Michigan Category:Roman Catholic activists Category:University of Michigan alumni Category:Writers from Michigan Category:Writers Guild of America Award winners Category:Youth empowerment individuals Category:Youth rights individuals Category:Progressivism in the United States Category:Music video directors

ar:مايكل مور ast:Michael Moore bg:Майкъл Мур ca:Michael Moore cs:Michael Moore cy:Michael Moore da:Michael Moore de:Michael Moore et:Michael Moore es:Michael Moore eo:Michael Moore eu:Michael Moore fa:مایکل مور fr:Michael Moore gv:Michael Moore gl:Michael Moore ko:마이클 무어 hr:Michael Moore io:Michael Moore id:Michael Moore it:Michael Moore he:מייקל מור la:Michael Moore lt:Michael Moore hu:Michael Moore ml:മൈക്കൽ മൂർ nl:Michael Moore (filmmaker) ja:マイケル・ムーア no:Michael Moore nn:Michael Moore oc:Michael Moore pl:Michael Moore pt:Michael Moore ro:Michael Moore ru:Мур, Майкл simple:Michael Moore sk:Michael Moore sr:Мајкл Мур sh:Michael Moore fi:Michael Moore sv:Michael Moore tr:Michael Moore uk:Майкл Мур yi:מייקל מאור zh:麥可·摩爾

name	Mel Brooks
birth name	Melvin Kaminsky
birth date	June 28, 1926
birth place	Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
medium	FilmTelevisionMusical theatre
nationality	American
influences	George M. CohanJack BennyBob HopeHarry RitzFred AstaireGene Kelly
influenced	Robin Williams, Jim Carrey, Andy Samberg
active	1949–present
genre	Farce, parody
subject	Comedy
spouse	Florence Baum (1953-62, divorced), 3 childrenAnne Bancroft (1964-2005, her death), 1 child (Max Brooks)
Notable work	''The Producers''''Blazing Saddles''''Young Frankenstein'',''Spaceballs''
Emmyawards	Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program1967 ''The Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, Carl Reiner and Howard Morris Special''Outstanding Guest Actor - Comedy Series 1997, 1998, 1999 ''Mad About You'' |olivierawards Best New Musical 2005 ''The Producers'' |tonyawards Best Musical 2001 ''The Producers'' Best Book of a Musical 2001 ''The Producers'' Best Original Score 2001 ''The Producers'' |grammyawards Best Spoken Comedy Album 1999 ''2000 Year Old Man'' Best Long Form Music Video 2002 ''Recording 'The Producers': A Musical Romp with Mel Brooks'' Best Musical Show Album 2002 ''The Producers'' |awardtitle1 Saturn Award |award1 Saturn Award for Best Direction1975 ''Young Frankenstein'' Mel Brooks has won an Oscar, three Emmys, three grammys, three tonys, and has received four Golden Globe nominations. }}

}} Mel Brooks (born Melvin Kaminsky; June 28, 1926) is an American film director, screenwriter, composer, lyricist, comedian, actor and producer. He is best known as a creator of broad film farces and comic parodies. Brooks is a member of the short list of entertainers with the distinction of having won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony award. Three of his films ranked in the American Film Institute's list of the top 100 comedy films of all-time: ''Blazing Saddles'' at number 6, ''The Producers'' at number 11, and ''Young Frankenstein'' at number 13.

Early life

Brooks was born Melvin Kaminsky in Brooklyn, New York, a son of Maximilian Kaminsky and his wife Kate (née Brookman). His father's family were German Jews from the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (the modern Polish port of Gdansk); his mother's family were Ukrainian Jews from Kiev. His father died of kidney disease when Brooks was only two years old.

Brooks was a small, sickly boy who was often bullied and picked on by his classmates. Taking on the comically aggressive job of Tummler (master entertainer) in various Catskills resorts, he gradually gained in confidence. Following high school, he attended the Army Specialized Training Program conducted at the Virginia Military Institute (although not actually as a VMI cadet) and served in the United States Army as a corporal during World War II, taking part in the Battle of the Bulge.

Career

Early career

Brooks started as a stand-up comic performing in summers at the Catskill Mountains, telling jokes and doing movie-star impressions. He found more rewarding work behind the scenes, becoming a comedy writer for television. He joined the hit comedy series ''Your Show of Shows'' with Sid Caesar and Carl Reiner. Reiner, as creator of ''The Dick Van Dyke Show'', based Morey Amsterdam's character Buddy Sorell on Brooks.

Starting in 1960, Brooks teamed with Reiner as a comedy duo on the Steve Allen Show. Their performances led to release a series of comedy albums that included a routine that eventually expanded into the 2000 Year Old Man series that yielded five albums and a 1975 animated TV special.

Brooks adapted the 2000 Year Old Man character to create the 2500 Year Old Brewmaster for Ballantine Beer in the 1960s. Interviewed by Dick Cavett in a series of ads, the Brewmaster (in a German accent, as opposed to the 2000 Year Old Man's Jewish voice) said he was inside the original Trojan horse and "could've used a six-pack of fresh air."

Brooks later moved into film, working as an actor, director, writer, and producer. Brooks's first film was ''The Critic'' (1963), an animated satire of arty, esoteric cinema, conceived by Brooks and directed by Ernest Pintoff. Brooks supplied running commentary as the baffled moviegoer trying to make sense of the obscure visuals. The short film won an Academy Award. With Buck Henry, Brooks created the successful TV series ''Get Smart'', starring Don Adams as a bumbling secret agent. This series added to Brooks's reputation as a clever satirist.

Brooks's first feature film, ''The Producers'', was a dark comedy about two theatrical partners who deliberately contrive the worst possible Broadway show. The film was so brazen in its satire (its big production number was "Springtime for Hitler") that the major studios would not touch it, nor would many exhibitors. Brooks finally found an independent distributor, which released it like an art film, as a specialized attraction. The film received an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay. The film became a smash underground hit, first on the nationwide college circuit, then in revivals and on home video. Brooks later turned it into a musical, which became hugely successful on Broadway, receiving an unprecedented twelve Tony awards.

His two most financially successful films were released in 1974: ''Blazing Saddles'' (co-written with Richard Pryor, Andrew Bergman, Norman Steinberg and Alan Uger), and ''Young Frankenstein'' (co-written with Gene Wilder). He followed these up with an audacious idea: the first feature-length silent comedy in four decades. ''Silent Movie'' (co-written with Ron Clark, 1976) featured Brooks in his first leading role, with Dom DeLuise and Marty Feldman as his sidekicks; it also featured, ironically, Marcel Marceau, in a cameo appearance as himself, who uttered the film's single word of audible dialogue. The following year he released his Hitchcock parody ''High Anxiety'' (also written with Clark), which was the first movie produced by Brooks himself.

Brooks developed a repertory company of sorts for his film work: performers with three or more of Brooks' films (''The Producers, The Twelve Chairs, Blazing Saddles, Young Frankenstein, Silent Movie, High Anxiety, History of the World: Part I, Spaceballs, Life Stinks, Robin Hood: Men in Tights, and Dracula: Dead and Loving It'') to their credit include Gene Wilder, Dom DeLuise, Madeline Kahn, Harvey Korman, Cloris Leachman, Ron Carey, Dick Van Patten and Andréas Voutsinas. Dom DeLuise appeared in six of Brooks's 11 original films, the only person with more appearances being Brooks himself.

In 1975, at the height of his movie career, Brooks tried TV again with ''When Things Were Rotten'', a Robin Hood parody that lasted only 13 episodes. Nearly twenty years later, in response to the 1991 hit film ''Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves'', Brooks mounted another Robin Hood parody with ''Robin Hood: Men in Tights''. Brooks's film resurrected several pieces of dialog from his TV series, as well as from earlier Brooks films.

Later career

By 1980, Siskel and Ebert called Brooks and Woody Allen "the two most successful comedy directors in the world today ... America's two funniest filmmakers." That year, Brooks produced the dramatic film ''The Elephant Man'' (directed by David Lynch). Knowing that anyone seeing a poster reading "Mel Brooks presents ''The Elephant Man''" would expect a comedy, he set up the company Brooksfilms. Brooksfilms has since produced a number of non-comedy films, including David Cronenberg's ''The Fly'', ''Frances'', and ''84 Charing Cross Road'', starring Anthony Hopkins and Anne Bancroft, as well as comedies, including Richard Benjamin's ''My Favorite Year'', which was partially based on his real life. Brooks sought to purchase the rights to ''84 Charing Cross Road'' for his wife, Anne Bancroft, for many years. He successfully obtained the rights to the movie and presented them to her as an anniversary gift.

The 1980s saw Brooks produce and direct only two films, the first being ''History of the World Part I'' in 1981, a tongue-in-cheek look at human culture from the Dawn of Man to the French Revolution. As part of the film's soundtrack, Brooks, then aged 55, recorded a rap entitled ''"It's Good to Be the King"'', a parody of Louis XVI and the French Revolution; it was released as a single, and became a surprise US dance hit. His second movie release of the decade came in 1987 in the form of ''Spaceballs'', a parody of science fiction, mainly ''Star Wars''. Both films featured him in multiple roles. He also starred in the 1983 remake of ''To Be or Not to Be'', which spawned a highly controversial single that featured as part of the film's soundtrack album (although not in the film itself) - ''"To Be Or Not To Be (The Hitler Rap)"''. The song - satirising German society in the 1940s with Brooks playing Hitler - was an unlikely hit, peaking at #12 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1984 and #3 on the Australian Singles Chart (Kent Music Report) that same year.

One of his most recent successes has been a transfer of his film ''The Producers'' to the Broadway stage. Brooks also had a vocal role in the 2005 animated film ''Robots''. He then worked on an animated series sequel to ''Spaceballs'' called ''Spaceballs: The TV Series'', which premiered on September 21, 2008 on G4 TV.

Brooks is one of the few artists who have received an Oscar, Emmy, Tony, and Grammy. He was awarded his first Grammy award for Best Spoken Comedy Album in 1999 for his recording of ''The 2000 Year Old Man in the Year 2000'' with Carl Reiner. His two other Grammys came in 2002 for Best Musical Show Album, for the soundtrack to ''The Producers'', and for Best Long Form Music Video for the DVD "Recording the Producers - A Musical Romp with Mel Brooks". He won his first of four Emmy awards in 1967 for Outstanding Writing Achievement in Variety for a Sid Caesar special. He went on to win three consecutive Emmys in 1997, 1998, and 1999 for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his role of Uncle Phil on ''Mad About You''. He won his three Tony awards in 2001 for his work on the musical, ''The Producers''. He won Tonys for Best Musical, Best Original Musical Score, and Best Book of a Musical. Additionally, he won a Hugo Award and a Nebula Award for ''Young Frankenstein''. In a 2005 poll to find ''The Comedian's Comedian'', he was voted #50 of the top 50 comedy acts ever by fellow comedians and comedy insiders. Three of Brooks's films are on the American Film Institute's list of funniest American films: ''Blazing Saddles'' (#6), ''The Producers'' (#11), and ''Young Frankenstein'' (#13).

Brooks and his wife Anne Bancroft acted together in ''Silent Movie'' and ''To Be or Not to Be'', and Bancroft also had a bit part in the 1995 film ''Dracula: Dead and Loving It''. Years later, the Brookses appeared as themselves in the fourth season finale of ''Curb Your Enthusiasm'', spoofing the finale of ''The Producers''. It is reported that Bancroft encouraged Brooks (after an idea suggested by David Geffen) to take ''The Producers'' to Broadway where it became an enormous success, as the show broke the Tony record with 12 wins, a record that had previously been held for 37 years by ''Hello, Dolly!'' at 10 wins. Such success has translated to a big-screen version of the Broadway adaptation/remake with actors Matthew Broderick and Nathan Lane reprising their stage roles, in addition to new cast members Uma Thurman and Will Ferrell. As of early April 2006, Brooks had begun composing the score to a Broadway musical adaptation of ''Young Frankenstein'', which he says is "perhaps the best movie [he] ever made." The world premiere was performed at Seattle's most historic theatre (originally built as a movie palace), The Paramount Theatre, between August 7, 2007, and September 1, 2007 after which it opened on Broadway at the former Foxwoods Theatre (then the Hilton Theatre), New York, on October 11, 2007. It has since earned mixed reviews from the critics.

In interviews broadcast on WABC radio, Brooks has discussed with NYC radio personality Mark Simone the possibilities of turning other works from his creative oeuvre (such as the movie ''Blazing Saddles'') into future musical productions. Specifically, in a conversation airing March 1, 2008, he and Simone speculated on what show tunes might be incorporated into a theatrical adaptation of the ''Get Smart'' property.

On December 5, 2009 Brooks was one of five recipients of 2009 Kennedy Center Honors at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C.

On April 23, 2010 Brooks was awarded the 2,406th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Personal life

Brooks was married to Florence Baum from 1953 to 1962. Their marriage ended in divorce. Mel and Florence had three children, Stephanie, Nicky, and Eddie.

Brooks was married to the actress Anne Bancroft from 1964 until her death from uterine cancer on June 6, 2005. They met on rehearsal for the Perry Como Variety Show in 1961 and married three years later, August 5, at the Manhattan Marriage Bureau. Their son, Max Brooks, was born in 1972. In 2010, Brooks credited Bancroft as being the guiding force behind his involvement in developing ''The Producers'' and ''Young Frankenstein'' for the musical theater, citing an early meeting as "From that day, until her death on June 5, 2005, we were glued together."

Work

Writer/director

''The Producers'' (1968) (Academy Award, best original screenplay)

''The Twelve Chairs'' (1970) (also actor)

''Blazing Saddles'' (1974) (also actor)

''Young Frankenstein'' (1974)

''Silent Movie'' (1976) (also actor)

''High Anxiety'' (1977) (also actor/producer)

''History of the World, Part I'' (1981) (also actor/producer)

''Spaceballs'' (1987) (also actor/producer)

''Life Stinks'' (1991) (also actor/producer)

''Robin Hood: Men in Tights'' (1993) (also actor/producer)

''Dracula: Dead and Loving It'' (1995) (also actor/producer)

Theatre

''Leonard Sillman's New Faces of 1952'' (1952) (sketches for a revue)

''Shinbone Alley'' (1957) (co-book-writer)

''All-American'' (1962) (book-writer)

''The Producers'' (2001) (composer, lyricist, co-book-writer, producer; Tony Award for Best Musical, Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical, Tony Award for Best Original Score, Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics, Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Book of a Musical)

''Young Frankenstein'' (2007) (composer, lyricist, co-book-writer, producer)

Other credits

''Your Show of Shows'' (TV) (1950–1954) (writer)

''New Faces of 1952'' (Broadway) (1952) (writer) and "New Faces", the 1954 film version (writer)

''The Critic'' (created and narrated, won Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film) (1963)

''Get Smart'' (TV) (1965–1970) (co-creator, writer)

''The Electric Company'' (TV) (1971–1977) (voice of recurring little cartoon man who asks: "Who's the dummy writing this show?!")

''Hollywood Squares'' (1972) (Guest star)

''When Things Were Rotten'' (1975) (co-created, writer)

''The Muppet Movie'' (1979) (Special Guest Star-Mad Scientist Professor Max Krassman)

''The Elephant Man'' (1980) (uncredited executive producer)

''To Be or Not to Be'' (1983) (actor, producer)

''The Fly'' (1986) (uncredited producer)

''The Fly II'' (1989) (uncredited producer)

''The Nutt House'' (1989) (co-creator)

''The Tracey Ullman Show (1990) (actor-Buzz Schlanger)

''Look Who's Talking Too'' (1990) (voice of Mr. Toilet Man)

''Frasier'' (1993) (voice of Tom)

''The Little Rascals'' (1994) (actor-Mr. Welling)

''Silence of the Hams'' (1994) (actor-Checkout Guest)

''The Simpsons'' (1995, "Homer vs. Patty and Selma") (voice-himself)

''Mad About You'' (TV) (1996–1999) (actor-Uncle Phil)

''The Prince of Egypt'' (1998) (uncredited, additional voices)

''Svitati'' (AKA ''Screw Loose'') (1999) (actor-Jake Gordon)

''It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie'' (2002) (voice of Joe Snow)

''The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius: Season 2'' (2003) (voice of Santa Claus)

''Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks'' (2003–2007) (voice of Wiley the Sheep)

''Curb Your Enthusiasm: Season 4'' (2004) (actor)

''Robots'' (2005) (voice of Bigweld)

''The Producers'' (2005) (writer, producer, cameo as himself)

''Spaceballs: The Animated Series'' (2008) (writer, producer, voice)

''Get Smart'' (2008) (Consultant)

''The 2000 Year Old Man: The Complete History'' (2009) DVD

''The Wizard of Oz'' (2012) (actor-The Wizard of Oz)

Rotten Tomatoes ratings

92% 89% 94% 89% 74% 62% 20% 48%

Film !! All Critics !! Top Critics !! Audience
''The Producers (1968 film)	The Producers''	93%	90%
''The Twelve Chairs (1970 film)	The Twelve Chairs''	|	N/A	62%
''Blazing Saddles''	|	80%	89%
''Young Frankenstein''	|	N/A	91%
''Silent Movie''	|	N/A	65%
''High Anxiety''	|	N/A	66%
''History of the World, Part I''	|	N/A	33%	80%
''Life Stinks''	|	N/A	44%
''Robin Hood: Men in Tights''	|	N/A	20%	52%
! Average !! 66% !! 56% !! 72%

Collaborations

!	The Producers (1968 film)>The Producers''	The Twelve Chairs (1970 film)>Twelve Chairs''	! ''Blazing Saddles''	! ''Young Frankenstein''	! ''Silent Movie''	! ''High Anxiety''	! ''History of the World, Part I''	! ''Spaceballs''	! ''Life Stinks''	! ''Robin Hood: Men in Tights''	! ''Dracula: Dead and Loving It''
Carol Arthur
Anne Bancroft
Mark Blankfield
Sid Caesar
Charlie Callas
Megan Cavanagh
Dom DeLuise
Liam Dunn
Marty Feldman
Sandy Helberg
John Hurt
Madeline Kahn
Harvey Korman
Cloris Leachman
Barry Levinson
Rudy De Luca
Kenneth Mars
Howard Morris
Dick Van Patten
Robert Ridgely
Andréas_Voutsinas
Albert Whitlock
Gene Wilder
Amy Yasbeck

See also

List of persons who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards

References

Further reading

Jeff Rovin. ''Cat Angels'', Harper Paperbacks, ISBN 0-06-100972-5

Parish, James Robert. ''It's Good to Be the King: The Seriously Funny Life of Mel Brooks'' (2007) Wiley ISBN 0-471-75267-3

External links

Mel Brooks - Box Office Data Movie Director at The Numbers

Mel Brooks - Box Office Data Movie Star at The Numbers

"The Films of Mel Brooks", video compilation of film clips, 5 minutes

Interview with Brooks on NPR's ''Fresh Air'' (March 16, 2005)

TonyAwards.com Interview with Mel Brooks at Tony Awards site

Interview with Mel Brooks biographer James Robert Parish

Photographs and literature

Category:1926 births Category:Abraham Lincoln High School (Brooklyn, New York) alumni Category:American comedians Category:American military personnel of World War II Category:American musical theatre composers Category:American satirists Category:American theatre managers and producers Category:American voice actors Category:Best Original Screenplay Academy Award winners Category:Emmy Award winners Category:English-language film directors Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Jewish actors Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent Category:American people of German-Jewish descent Category:Jewish American writers Category:Jewish comedians Category:Jewish American composers and songwriters Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Living people Category:People from Brooklyn Category:People from Fire Island, New York Category:Saturn Award winners Category:Tony Award winners Category:United States Army soldiers

ar:ميل بروكس an:Mel Brooks bs:Mel Brooks bg:Мел Брукс ca:Mel Brooks da:Mel Brooks de:Mel Brooks es:Mel Brooks eu:Mel Brooks fa:مل بروکس fr:Mel Brooks gl:Mel Brooks hr:Mel Brooks id:Mel Brooks it:Mel Brooks he:מל ברוקס lv:Mels Brukss hu:Mel Brooks nl:Mel Brooks ja:メル・ブルックス no:Mel Brooks nds:Mel Brooks pl:Mel Brooks pt:Mel Brooks ru:Брукс, Мел simple:Mel Brooks sk:Mel Brooks sr:Мел Брукс sh:Mel Brooks fi:Mel Brooks sv:Mel Brooks tl:Mel Brooks tr:Mel Brooks